THE MOTOR SYSTEMS

Consists of …

•         SKELETONS

•         JOINTS

•         MUSCLES

THE HUMAN SKELETON

Based on its properties:

•         Cartilage

Ø  the cells (chondrocytes) lie in small chamber called lacunae, separated by a matrix that is solid yet flexible.

Ø Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage, contains only very fine collagen fiber

Ø Hyaline cartilage is found at the end of the long bones and the ribs

Ø The human fetal skeleton is also made of this type of cartilage, which is later replaced by bone

Ø Elastic, not easily to broken

THE HUMAN SKELETON, 

based on its properties….

•         Bone

Ø It consists of an extremely hard matrix of inorganic salts, notably calcium salts, deposited around collagen fibers

Ø Compact bone consists of cylindrical structural units called osteons. The central canal of each osteon is surrounded byrings of hard matrix. Bone cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called lacunae between the rings of matrix.

Ø Hard and inelastic

Based on the shape…

•         Long bones

            e.g.: humerus, femurs, tibia, ulna.

•         Flat bones

            e.g.: scapula, ribs, cranium, sternum

•         Short bones

            e.g.: carpals, tarsals

•         Irregular bones

            e.g.: vertebrae

Arranged of human skeleton

•         Axial Skeleton

ü Skull

ü Vertebral column

ü Ribs

ü Sternum (breastbone)

•         Appendicular Skeleton

ü Pectoral girdle

ü Humerus, radius, ulna

ü Pelvic girdle

ü Femurs, tibia, fibula

JOINTS : junction between bones

•         Synarthroses are rigid, immovable joints, such as the connections between the bones of the skull

•         Symphyses or amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints, such as the junction of the bones making up the front of the pelvis

•         Diarthroses are movable joints, such as the meeting of the bones of the limbs with those of the trunk

Types of joints……

Structure of Joints

MUSCLES

Types of Muscle :

v  Skeletal Muscle

v  Smooth Muscle

v  Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscles 

•         has striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers

•         periphery placed nucleus

•         is usually attached to skeleton

•         is voluntary

Smooth Muscle

•         Has spindle-shaped, nonstriated, uninucleated fibers

•         Centrally placed nucleus

•         Occurs in walls of internal organs

•         Is involuntary

Cardiac Muscle

•         Has striated, branched, uninucleated fibers

•         Centrally placed nucleus

•         Occurs in walls of heart

•         Is involuntary

THE MUSCLE PLACE